Abstract:

Introduction: about 200 million people in the world suffer from ischemia of lower limbs. This pathology occupies a large part in the structure of all lesions of the vascular bed. Most patients with lesions of lower limb arteries have critical lower limb ischemia (CLLI), which is characterized by pain at rest and/or trophic lesions of foot. CLLI is the final stage of lower limb vascular bed lesion and is always accompanied by a deterioration in the quality of life, high morbidity and mortality. The only effective way to treat this pathology is revascularization, however, the current lack of clinical data does not allow us to determine the optimal strategy in treatment of this pathology.

Aim: was to determine advantages and disadvantages of using various methods of lower limb revascularization.

Material and methods: literature data from information aggregators Cyberleninka, Pubmed and MEDLINE on this topic, published in Russian and English for the period from 2010 to 2021, were selected for analysis. Articles written in German and French were included in the study in case of available translation to English. Termins as an inclusion criteria: critical limb ischaemia, ischaemic pain, tissue loss, gangrene, hybrid intervention, open surgical recanalization, endovascular revascularization, claudication, stenosis.

Results: it is determined that revascularization by open surgery showed better long-term results, however, it cannot be recommended for patients with severe comorbid diseases and defeat of lower limb and foot arteries, while endovascular revascularization techniques allow the procedure to be performed in almost all patients, regardless of the severity of their somatic status, however, extended multilevel lesions are poorly amenable to this method of treatment, and also have a relatively lower patency in the long-term period. Hybrid interventions combine advantages of both methods, however, they have high requirements for the equipment of the medical institution and the qualifications of the staff. In addition, hybrid methods are also more dangerous for the patient in comparison with revascularization by endovascular methods.

Abstract:

Persistent sciatic artery (SA) is recognized as a minority variant of embryogenesis of lower limb artery. Article describes a clinical case of complex treatment of a patient with persistent SA, critical ischemia of lower limb and with diabetic foot. The patient underwent diagnostics of lesion, that helped to find out possible ways of disease progression, endovascular revascularization and step-by-step surgery treatment that allowed to keep support function of the limb.

References

1.      Patel S.N., Reilly J.P Persistent sciatic artery - a curious vascular anomaly. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2007; 70(2): 252-5

2.      Sultan S.A. et al. Endovascular management of rare sciatic artery aneurysm. J. Endovasc. Ther. 2000; 7(5): 415-22.

3.      van Hooft I.M. et al. The persistent sciatic artery. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2009; 37, 585-591.

4.      Shutze W., Garrett W., Smith B. Persistent sciatic artery: collective review and management. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 1993; 7: 303-10

5.      Yang S. et al. Bilateral persistent sciatic artery with aneurysm formation and review of the literature. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2014; 28: 264, 1-7

6.      Pillet, J. et al. The sciaticopopliteal arterial trunk: Persistent axial artery. Bull. de l'Association des Anatomiste. 1980; 64: 97-110.

7.      Gauffre S., Lasjaunias P, Zerah M. Sciatic artery: a case, review of literature and attempt of systemization. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 1994; 16: 105-9.

8.      Ikezawa T. et al. Aneurysm of bilateral persistent sciatic arteries with ischemic complications: case report and review of the world literature. J. Vasc. Sur. 1994; 20: 96 -103.

9.      Bower E.B., Smullens S.N., Parke W.W. Clinical aspects of persistent sciatic artery: report of two cases and review of the literature. Surgery. 1977; 81: 588-595.

10.    Ahnc S. et al. Treatment Strategy for Persistent Sciatic Artery and Novel Classification Reflecting Anatomic Status. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2016; 52: 360-369.

11.    Rezayat C. et al. Ruptured persistent sciatic artery aneurysm managed by endovascular embolization. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2010; 24: 115.e5-9.

12.    Modugno P et al. Endovascular treatment of persistent sciatic artery aneurysm with the multilayer stent. J. Endovasc. Ther. 2014; 21:410-3. 

Abstract:

РТА and stenting of lower limb s arteries was performed in 28 diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Technical success rate of interventions was 96,3%. Clinical success rate after the procedure was 64,3%. Mean values of basal ТсРО2 on the foot after operation increased on 11 mm of mercury. At a favorable outcome of treatment ankle-brachial index values increased on 0,2-0,4. Ischemia recurrence rate was 25%. All recurrences of ischemia were observed in period of 3 to 9 months. Cumulative limb salvage rate in 6 months was 80 %, in 12 months - 75%.

In short period of observation PTA and stenting in diabetic patients is able to eliminate the necessity of amputation in majority of patients. Considering weight of the general condition of such patients, presence of accompanying diseases, risk of development of complications of surgical treatment, РТА can be considered as operation of the first choice. 

Reference

1.     Rutherford R.B., Durham J. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty for arteriosclerosis obliterans: Long-term results. In Pearce W.H. (eds). Technologies in Vascular Surgery. 1992; 32-345.

2.     Шиповский В.Н. Баллонная ангиопластика в лечении хронической ишемии нижних конечностей.Дис. д-ра мед. наук. 2002; 16-17.

3.     Jeans W.D., Armstrong S. Fate of patients undergoing transluminal angioplasty for lower-limb ischemia. Radiology. 1990; 177: 559-564.

4.     Krepel V.M., van Andel G.J. et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal arteries: initial and long-term results. Radiology. 1985; 156:25-28.

5.     Харазов А Ф. Диагностика и результаты лечения пациентов с критической ишемией нижних конечностей при атеросклеротическом и диабетическом поражении артерий ниже паховой связки. Дис. канд.мед. наук. 2002; 12.

Abstract:

A group of patients, including 88 diabetics and 93 non-diabetics (patients were diagnosed according to A. Bollinger system) was studied in terms of occlusive-stentic lesions. The occlusive-stentic affection of low-extremities combined with diabetes is characterized by a number of distinctive features. The majority of diabetics are suffering the distal type of arterial lesion, while atherosclerotics suffer the proximal type. Diabetes functions as a complicating factor, forcing the development of occlusive-stentic process largely in distal segments of low extremities, meaning popliteal and crural arteries. This process eventually leads to the ischemia of low extremities.

References

1.     Gensler S.W, Haimovici H, Hoffert P., Steinman С, Beneventano Т.С. Study of vascular lesions in diabetic, nondiabetic patients. Clinical, arteriographic, and surgical considerations. Arch. Surg. 1965; 91:617 - 622.

2.     Haimovici H. Patterns of arteriosclerotic lesions of the lower extremity. Arch. Surg. 1967; 95:918 - 933.

3.     Conrad M.C. Large and small artery occlusion in diabetics and nondiabetics with severe vascular disease. Circulation. 1967; 36:83 - 91.

4.     Bollinger A., Breddin K., Hess H., Heystraten F.M.J., Kollath J., Kontilla A., Pouliadis G., Marshall M., Mey Т., Mietaschk A., Roth F.-J. Semiquantitative assessment of lower limb atherosclerosis from routine angiographic images. Atherosclerosis. 1981; 38: 339-346.

5.     Van der Feen C, Neijens F.S., Kanters S.D.J.M., Mali WP.Th.M., Stolk R.P., Banga J.D. Angiographic distribution of lower extremity atherosclerosis in patients with and without diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 2002;19:366-370.

6.     Покровский А.В., Дан В.Н., Чупин А.В.. Ишемическая диабетическая стопа. Синдром диабетической стопы. Клиника, диагностика, лечение и профилактика. Москва. 1998; 18 - 35.

7.     Балаболкин М.И.. Эндокринология. М.: Универсум паблишинг. 1998; 421, 423.

8.     Атанов Ю.П., Шамычкова А.А.. Диабетическая ангиопатия нижних конечностей. Российский медицинский журнал. 2001;5: 14- 15.

9.     Donnelly R. Vascular complications of diabetes. B.M.J. 2000; 320:1062- 1066.

10.   Faglia E. et al. Extensive use of peripheral angioplasty, particularly infrapopliteal, in the treatment of ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers: clinical results of a multicentric study of 221 consecutive diabetic subjects. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2002; 252: 225 - 232

11.   Awad S., Karkos CD., Serrachino-Inglott E, Cooper N.J., Butterfield J.S., Ashleigh R., Nasim A. The impact of diabetes on current revascularisation practice and clinical outcome in patients with critical lower limb ischaemia. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery. 2006; 32 (1): 51-59.

12.   Bosiers M, Hart J.P, Deloose K., Verbist J., Peeters P. Endovascular therapy as the primary approach for limb salvage in patients with critical limb ischemia: experience with 443 infrapopliteal procedures. Vascular. 2006; 14 (2):63 - 69.

Abstract:

The cardiac complications' risk factors and it’s stratifications in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome are considered in detail. The interrelation between risk factors, features and character of defeat of coronary arteries is defined. Early selective coronarograthy is most informative to identify patients with culpite lesion in this category. Early interventional radiology treatment has allowed to reach more favorable in-hospital and 12-month follow-up period results (patients’s lethality, non-fatal MI).